ACCOUNTING FOR ALL — GRADE 11
Principles of Accounting (Accountancy, Acc. 103)
Aligned with the Secondary Level Curriculum of the Curriculum Development Centre (CDC), Government of Nepal, and the National Examinations Board (NEB)
Credit Hours: 5 | Total Working Hours: 160 (120 Theory + 40 Practical)
Full Marks: 100 (75 Written Examination + 25 Internal/Practical Assessment)
Book Overview
This Grade 11 Principles of Accounting textbook follows the secondary level syllabus prescribed by the Curriculum Development Centre (CDC), Government of Nepal for Grade XI (Subject Code: Acc. 103).
It bridges foundational bookkeeping with modern accounting practice in Nepal, including the Nepal Accounting Standards (NAS) and Nepal Financial Reporting Standards (NFRS) issued by the Accounting Standards Board (ASB) Nepal and enforced by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nepal (ICAN), modern banking instruments under Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) directives, the Income Tax Act, 2058, and the New Government Accounting System prescribed by the Financial Comptroller General Office (FCGO) and approved by the Office of the Auditor General (OAG).
Every chapter contains:
- Theory covering each topic of the CDC syllabus.
- Standard formats for journals, ledgers, cash books, financial statements and government AGF forms.
- Worked numerical illustrations in Nepalese Rupees (Rs.), with Bikram Sambat (BS) dates and Nepali business and government office examples.
- NEB board exam practice questions: Very Short Answer (1 mark), Short Answer and Numerical (5 marks), and Long Numerical (8 marks).
NEB Grade XI Written Examination Specification Grid (75 Marks, 3 Hours)
| Group | Question Type | Number of Questions | Marks per Question | Total Marks | Internal Choice |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group A | Very Short Answer Questions (Theory / Micro-Calculations) | 11 | 1 | 11 | No choice |
| Group B | Short Answer Questions (Theory & Practical Numericals) | 8 | 5 | 40 | Choice in 2 questions (OR) |
| Group C | Long Answer Questions (Comprehensive Numericals / Theory) | 3 | 8 | 24 | Choice in 1 question (OR) |
| Total | Written Board Examination | 22 | — | 75 | — |
The remaining 25 marks are for internal assessment and practical work (see Appendix F).
Chapters
| Unit | Chapter | Syllabus Coverage | Theory Hours |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1 | 1. Theoretical Concepts of Book-Keeping and Accounting | Book-keeping and accounting, branches, GAAP concepts and conventions, NAS/NFRS, basic terms, double entry, cash vs. accrual basis, accounting equation | 10 |
| 1.2 | 2. Recording of Transactions | Rules of debit and credit, source documents, journal entries (including VAT), bills of exchange, subsidiary books, ledger, cash books, trial balance | 24 |
| 2.1 | 3. Modern Banking System and Bank Reconciliation Statement | Bank accounts, cheques, endorsement and dishonor, ABBS, cards, e-banking, BRS with favorable and overdraft balances | 6 |
| 2.2 | 4. Journal Proper, Rectification of Errors, and Adjusted Trial Balance | Journal proper, types of errors, rectification before and after the trial balance, Suspense Account, adjusted trial balance | 7 |
| 2.3 | 5. Accounting for Fixed Assets and Depreciation | Fixed assets, depreciation and its causes, Income Tax Act pools, SLM and DBM, sale of assets, change of method | 8 |
| 2.4 | 6. Accounting for Reserves and Provisions | Reserves and their types, provisions, reserve vs. provision, provision for bad and doubtful debts | 5 |
| 3.1 | 7. Financial Statements of Sole Trading and Partnership Firms | Capital and revenue items, trading and profit and loss account, balance sheet, NAS/NFRS statements, year-end adjustments | 24 |
| 3.2 | 8. Accounting for Non-Profit Organizations | NPO terms, receipts and payments vs. income and expenditure account, subscription, capital fund, balance sheet | 8 |
| 3.3 | 9. Single Entry System | Single vs. double entry, statement of affairs, statement of profit or loss with adjustments | 5 |
| 4.1 | 10. Government Accounting in Nepal | Government vs. commercial accounting, the New Accounting System, AGF forms, budget heads, TSA, goswara voucher, bank cash book, budget sheet, statement of expenditure | 23 |
| Ref. | Appendix: Formulas, Standards, Budget Codes, Glossary and Model Question Paper | Formula sheet, NAS/NFRS summary, budget heads and AGF forms, glossary, a 75-mark model question paper, and the practical work guide | — |
| Total | 120 (+40 Practical) |
Solutions
Worked answers to the exercises at the end of every chapter, and to the whole model question paper, are in the Solutions section at the end of the book, starting with Chapter 1 Solutions. Try each exercise on your own first.